February 24, 2026•10 min read
Madhava's Infinite Horizons: Calculus Before Newton in Medieval Kerala
Deep in 14th-century Kerala, Madhava of Sangamagrama worked out the infinite series for pi, sine, and cosine, developing analytical tools that anticipated core ideas of calculus. His results reached Europe only through independent rediscovery — how did this mathematical tradition take shape, and why did it take three centuries for the wider world to notice?
